Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskite semiconductors have gained recognition as a strong candidate for next-generation display and solid-state lighting applications. In this chapter, an overview of the basic designs, operating principles, and main challenges for perovskite LEDs is presented. It begins with a discussion on the most representative device configurations, including those from the early days of development to that used in state-of-the-art devices. Next, the general principles governing the operation of perovskite LEDs and considerations for achieving high-efficiency devices are discussed. These include how internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) are maximized through the elimination of bulk and interfacial nonradiative recombination losses and the possibilities for breaking the limits of external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) through optical outcoupling strategies. Following this section, we discuss some of the remaining challenges in the field, including the operational instability of devices, as well as the unsatisfactory performance of blue and reduced-toxicity perovskite LEDs. Some of the notable research works in these directions and suggestions for future research are presented.